Trong giao dich tai chinh, phan lon trader chi tap trung vao viec tim diem vao lenh dep ma quen mat rang yeu to quan trong nhat quyet dinh loi nhuan chinh la diem thoat lenh. Du chien luoc giao dich co tot den dau nhung neu khong co ke hoach thoat lenh ro rang, trader van co nguy co mat loi nhuan hoac tham chi chay tai khoan.

Day la ly do cac bai huong dan chuyen sau tren Mbroker.net luon nhan manh tam quan trong cua chien luoc thoat lenh. Va trong bai viet hom nay, chung ta se cung tim hieu khai niem Exit Strategy de hieu ro cach thoat lenh dung thoi diem giup toi uu loi nhuan va giam thieu rui ro.

Exit Strategy la gi?

Trong thi truong Forex, Exit Strategy duoc hieu la chien luoc thoat lenh ma trader thiet lap truoc khi bat dau giao dich. Day la ke hoach dinh san ve thoi diem va dieu kien de dong lenh, bat ke lenh dang co lai hay thua. Mot chien luoc thoat lenh tot giup trader tranh bi chi phoi boi cam xuc, dong thoi bao ve thanh qua giao dich truoc nhung bien dong bat ngo cua thi truong.

Neu Entry Strategy giup xac dinh diem vao lenh thi Exit Strategy lai quyet dinh trader se roi khoi thi truong nhu the nao. Thuc te cho thay, da so nguoi moi deu tap trung vao tin hieu vao lenh ma bo qua viec len ke hoach thoat lenh, dan den viec chot loi qua som hoac giu lenh lo qua lau.

Nhung yeu to quan trong trong chien luoc thoat lenh

Xac dinh diem chot loi (Take Profit – TP)

TP la muc tieu loi nhuan ma trader dat ra cho moi giao dich. Thong thuong, TP duoc xac dinh dua tren cac vung ho tro – khang cu, cac muc Fibonacci hoac cac mo hinh gia nhu Double Top, Triangle, Flag… Mot TP hop ly giup trader thoat lenh tu dong va tranh bi tac dong boi tam ly tham lam.

Xac dinh diem dung lo (Stop Loss – SL)

SL la dieu kien bat buoc trong bat ky chien luoc thoat lenh nao. Dung lo giup gioi han muc rui ro toi da ma trader co the chiu trong mot giao dich. Nhieu nguoi dat SL qua chat, dan den bi quet lien tuc, trong khi mot so khac lai dat qua xa, khien rui ro mat kiem soat. Vi vay, SL phai duoc tinh toan dua tren cau truc thi truong va do bien dong.

Su dung Trailing Stop hop ly

Trailing Stop la cong cu giup bao ve loi nhuan bang cach keo SL theo huong gia dang di. Khi thi truong di dung ky vong, trailing stop se giup trader khoa loi nhuan tung phan ma khong can ngoi quan sat lien tuc. Tuy nhien, neu dat qua gan, gia chi can dieu chinh nhe la SL bi kich hoat, lam lo co hoi lai lon.

Ky luat cam xuc

Du co chien luoc tot den dau nhung thieu ky luat cung khien trader de pha vo ke hoach. Tam ly so mat loi nhuan, tiec lenh thang hoac ky vong gia quay dau khien nhieu nguoi thoat lenh sai thoi diem. Ky luat chinh la chia khoa giup trader duy tri hieu qua lau dai.

Tim hieu them: https://www.natthadon-sanengineering.com/forum/topic/43590/trailing-stop-la-gi?-cach-bao-ve-loi-nhuan-hieu-qua

Cac loai Exit Strategy pho bien

- Thoat lenh theo tin hieu ky thuat: Trader co the su dung cac chi bao nhu EMA, MACD, RSI hoac tin hieu tu nen dao chieu. Vi du: khi gia dong nen duoi EMA20 trong xu huong tang, do co the la dau hieu nen thoat lenh.

- Thoat lenh theo Price Action: Pha vo mot vung ho tro/khang cu quan trong hoac mo hinh nen nhu Pin Bar, Engulfing co the la tin hieu thoat lenh truc tiep dua tren hanh dong gia.

- Thoat lenh theo thoi gian: Phu hop voi scalper hoac day trader – nhung nguoi chi giu lenh trong phien giao dich nhat dinh, tranh rui ro qua dem.

- Thoat lenh theo ty le Risk:Reward co dinh: Vi du R:R = 1:2 hoac 1:3. Day la cach don gian nhung cuc hieu qua vi giup trader duy tri loi nhuan deu dan va khong bi cam xuc chi phoi.

Cach thoat lenh dung thoi diem

Mot chien luoc thoat lenh hieu qua phai dua tren tinh hinh thi truong:

- Khi thi truong bien dong manh (volatility tang), nen dat TP xa hon nhung dong thoi SL cung phai rong de phu hop voi nhip thi truong.

- Khi xu huong yeu dan, dau hieu tu EMA hoac mo hinh gia dao chieu la tin hieu de thoat lenh som.

- Tuyet doi khong co giu lenh khi cau truc thi truong da dao chieu.

Thoat lenh dung thoi diem khong chi dua vao ky thuat ma con doi hoi trader tuan thu ke hoach ban dau.

Vi du ap dung thuc te

Gia su ban vao lenh Buy EURUSD khi gia pha vo khang cu va xu huong tang manh. Ban dat SL duoi day gan nhat, TP tai vung khang cu tiep theo va dung them trailing stop de khoa loi nhuan khi gia di dung huong. Nho vay, ngay ca khi thi truong dao chieu dot ngot, ban van dam bao lai da duoc khoa.

Nguoc lai, neu khong co ke hoach thoat lenh, ban co the chot loi qua som vi so gia quay dau hoac de lenh lo qua lau vi hi vong thi truong dao chieu.

Ket luan

Chien luoc thoat lenh chinh la yeu to quyet dinh trader co giu duoc loi nhuan hay khong. Mot Exit Strategy ro rang se giup ban giao dich co ky luat, tranh rui ro lon va toi uu hoa hieu qua dai han. De nang cao ky nang giao dich, trader co the tham khao them cac noi dung chuyen sau trong he thong Kien thuc XM, noi cung cap nhieu goc nhin thuc te va huu ich cho nha giao dich Viet.